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1: Calvin: Mom,
can I set fire to my bed mattress?
Mom: No.
Calvin: Can I ride my tricycle on the roof?
Mom: No, Calvin.
Calvin: Then can I have a cookie?
Mom: (sigh) Okay.
What social psychological phenomenon does this dialogue illustrate?
A: disobedience
to authority
B: foot-in-the-door
effect
C: door-in-the-face
effect
D: the low ball
2: Normative influence refers to influence that
A: involves wanting
to be accepted by others
B: innoculates us against
persuasion attempts
C: involves rewards
and punishments
D: involves the
learning of new information and persuasive arguments
3:
Your favorite baseball player has endorsed a particular brand of
baseball bat in a commercial. What kinds of power are operating here?
A: referent power
and coercion
B: legitimate power
and reward power
C: expert power and
referent power
D: expert power
and legitimate power
4:
Ann asks Ed to write her term paper. He says, "Be serious, Ann."
So
Ann says, "Then just help me write the first page." He says, "Ok, no
problem." This dialog illustrates
A: the foot-in-the-door
technique
B: the low-ball technique
C: the door-in-the-face
technique
D: the effects of commitment
on conformity
5: According to lecture, conformity differs from compliance because
A: conformity involves
yielding to group pressure in the absence of a direct request to do so
B: conformity is
often more public than compliance
C: conformity involves
yielding to a request from a high-status person (as in the Milgram studies)
D: women conform
more than men, whereas men comply more than women
6:
In Asch's studies of conformity, approximately what percent of the time
did subjects publicly agree with the group instead of making the objectively
correct response?
7:
If a person makes a prior commitment to a view that differs from that
of the group, he or she will tend to be
A: less susceptible
to group pressure to conform
B: more susceptible
to group pressure to conform
C: less confident
of his or her own view
D: more susceptible
to conforming to the group on a different issue
8: Conformity is increased under which of the following conditions?
A: group is unanimous
B: group is cohesive
C: response is public
and made with prior commitment
D: A and B
9:
In the Milgram experiment, subjects were asked to start with relatively
small electric shocks before using large amounts of electric shock to
punish the learner. This pattern of inducing obedience is an
illustration of which of the following methods of social influence?
A: door in the face
B: reciprocal concessions
C: the low ball
D: foot in the door
10:
After his original experiments on obedience, Milgram conducted several
additional studies. Which of the following factors were found to
decrease subjects' obedience to the experimenter's commands?
A: putting more distance
between the subject and the victim
B: decreasing the legitimacy
of the authority figure
C: putting more distance
between the authority figure and the subject
D: B and C
11:
According to Myers, when weak evidence is present, jurors generally
give more lenient verdicts. How could information influence explain this?
A: As jurors who favor
conviction hear arguments for acquittal, they
may realize that there isn't proof beyond a reasonable
doubt.
B: Jurors who favor conviction
don't want to feel out of place when the
majority favors acquittal.
C: Unsure jurors want
to appear compassionate.
D: The jurors believe
that a guilty verdict will influence the defense
to appeal the verdict.
12:
Bob attends a party with a lot of people whom he admires and wishes to
be like. At the party, many people are smoking. At one point
in the
evening, Bob is offered a cigarette by a classmate whom he always
thought was really cool. Bob does not smoke, but he accepts the
cigarette anyway, because he wants to be liked by the people at the party.
Bob chose to smoke due to __________________, and his classmate was
exerting _______________ power over Bob.
A: normative influence;
referent
B: compliance to
the group; coercion
C: informational
influence; reward
D: a direct request;
coercion
13: Research on groups has generally shown that
A: groups are usually harmful
B: groups are usually helpful
C: groups tend to emphasize the initial inclinations of their individual members
D: both A and C
14: Members of the local school board meet to consider a proposal
calling for a more conservative approach to education in their district. The
individual members of the board all tend to favor this approach. What will be
the most likely outcome of the group meeting?
A: they will choose a risky plan only if other school districts have adopted one
B: they will become more in favor of the conservative proposal and will probably vote for it
C: they will show a "risky shift" during the discussion and vote for a less conservative proposal
D: they will fully consider alternative plans for their district
15: In a study by Myers and Bishop, a group of prejudiced students
expressed even greater prejudice after discussing racial issues with like-minded
others. Students in these group may have experienced informational influence
during the group discussion. What is the definition of informational influence?
A: the learning of new arguments from other people16: Some research on the effects of being in a group has found that people work harder in groups, while other studies show that people work less in groups. In general, people work harder on easy tasks when __________ is increased, but work less when __________ occurs.
B: the anonymity produced by being in a group and the corresponding increase in the freedom to express hostile opinions
C: the emergence of a group norm favoring the expression of hostile opinions
D: the effects of increased arousal on hostile attitudes
A: evaluation apprehension; mere presence
B: distraction; arousal
C: evaluation apprehension; deindividuation
D: diffusion of responsibility; arousal
17: Research investigating the effects of group polarization on
juries has found that
A: juries that initially favor harsh punishment favor stronger punishment after group discussion
B: juries that initially favor mild punishment favor stronger punishment after group discussion
C: juries that initially favor harsh punishment favor more mild punishment after group discussion
D: juries composed of liberal people favor mild punishment no matter what the evidence is in the case
18: Lydia just got her driver's license. Three of her friends
ask her to take them on the Beltway during rush hour traffic. How will she perform?
A: the same as if she were alone
B: better than if she were alone
C: worse than if she were alone
D: same as if alone, unless they are on their way to a piano recital
19: Researchers have studied the link between deindividuation
and aggression. In which of the following studies did deindividuation lead to
decreased aggresssion?
A: the study in which people wore KKK-like hoods
B: studies of sports teams that wear black uniforms
C: the study in which people wore nurses uniforms
D: none of the above
20: We are aroused by the presence of other people for which of
the following reasons?
A: distraction
B: the mere presence of others
C: concern for how others are evaluating us
D: all of the above
21: Group polarization is defined as the tendency for discussion
among group members
A: to lead to a risky decision
B: to lead to a cautious decision
C: to split groups into two opposing groups
D: to change group members' beliefs in the direction of their initial beliefs
22: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink?
A: self-censorship
B: rationalization
C: consideration of alternate points of view
D: conformity pressure
23: Which of the following factors has NOT been shown to influence
eyewitness testimony?
A: the wording of questions from lawyers and police
B: the attitudes and expectations of the eyewitness
C: information provided after the event itself
D: the physical attractiveness of the defendant
24: According to the Myers text, research on the physical attractiveness
of criminal defendents shows
A: that attractiveness matters:
People recommend stronger punishments for attractive people
B: that attractiveness does
not matter: People recommend punishment on the basis of the evidence in
each individual legal case
C: the attractiveness matters:
People recommend reduced punishments for attractive people
D: that the effect of attractiveness
on punishment in criminal cases depends on the sex of the judge
25: You are rowing a boat with 6 friends. You may not be using your maximum effort to row the boat because of
A: social loafing
B: individuation
C: social facilitation
D: group polarization
26: On Halloween, Sarah and her friends dressed up like Ninja
warriors with black face masks and costumes. Lou and his friends dressed up
like doctors with blue doctor's masks and uniforms. It is well past dark when
both groups leave to go trick-or-treating, and it is hard to tell one child
from another, because they are all wearing masks. According to Zimbardo's studies
of deindividuation, when approaching a group of young children who are lost,
Sarah's group would be more likely to _________________, whereas Lou's group
would be more likely to _________________.
A: ignore the children and keep on walking; help the lost children find their way home27: Han-Li and 5 of his co-workers at IBM Korea have been
B: scare the children and steal their candy; help the lost children find their way home
C: scare the children and steal their candy; ignore the children and keep on walking
D: help the lost children find their way home; scare the children and steal their candy
a.) Han-LiCredit: Barbara Keppler
b.) John
c.) both are equally likely to exhibit social loafing
d.) neither one will exhibit social loafing
28: What percentage of people in the Milgram Study on Obedience
delivered the
highest amount of electrical shock to the learner?
a.) 30%Credit: Barbara Keppler
b.) 45%
c.) 90%
d.) 65%
29: According to Zajonc's theory of
social facilitation, the dominant
response
A: is the response of a powerful group member30: John and four of his friends are planning to go out and see a movie.
B: is the best learned and practiced response
C: leads to improve performance with an audience present
D: leads to reduced performance with an audience present
A: Give up because he is outnumbered31: Joan is the president of a jeans company that has been losing its share
B: Stick to his position that "Life is Beautiful" is a better movie
C: Try to get at least one friend to agree with him
D: B and C
A: Present her own ideas idea to the group and defend them
B: Assign at least one expert to be a devil's advocate
C: Increase the motivation of the group by reminding them that their jobs are in danger
D: Ignore the experts and follow her own instincts
32: In lecture, a scene from the movie "To Kill a Mockingbird"
was shown.
Scout, the young girl, is successful in getting the mob
to break up by
using what tactic?
A: Groupthink33: Sarah has been appointed as supervisor of a project group at her
B: Social Facilitation
C: Individuation
D: Door in the face
A: Hold each member of the group accountable for a specific part of the project
B: Punish group members at random to show that she's in charge
C: Have group members contribute their idea anonymously
D: Do nothing, as Social Facilitation will ensure that all of the group members will work hard.
