A: Johnny is threatened with severe punishment if he does not clean up his room.

    Incorrect.

Threatening Johnny with severe punishment, will not result in a long-term attitude change toward believing that cleaning his room is a good idea.  Recall the "Robbie the Robot" study by Freedman (1965) (see Myers pg. 146), where children were told not to play with a specific toy (which was very desirable) and threatened with either mild or severe punishment.  While the experimenter was in the room, no child played with the toy.  Several weeks later, the children who were threatened with severe punishment played with the robot much more than the children who were threatened with mild punishment.  The reason hypothesized for this, is that the children who were threatened severely, had a very good reason not to play with the toy: they were severely threatened, while the children who received the mild threat, did not have a very good reason not to play with the toy, so their motivation for not liking the toy became internal (I'm not playing with the toy, because it isn't that great).  In question 9, the same principles operate.  When Jonny is threatened severely to clean up his room, he does clean up his room, but only because he is afraid of being punished, and not because he wants to or believes that cleaning his room is a good idea.  Therefore, a severe punishment will not result in a long-term attitude change.